Unveiling the Invisible Threat: How Climate Change is Turning Heat into a Deadly Hazard
In recent years, anthropogenic climate change has been causing a significant increase in ambient heat levels, transforming what was once a relatively benign aspect of the sun into a dangerous environmental hazard. With atmospheric carbon dioxide levels reaching new heights of 425 ppm in 2023, the past decade from 2014 to 2023 was recorded as the warmest on record. This rise in global temperatures has led to a concerning expansion of extreme heat into our everyday indoor spaces, posing a serious threat to populations worldwide.
India, in particular, has experienced a notable increase in mean temperatures of 0.15 degrees C per decade since 1950, with warm days and nights also on the rise. Currently, 23 states in India are considered more vulnerable to the impacts of widespread heat, with both plain and hilly regions experiencing higher temperatures compared to previous decades.
The effects of prolonged exposure to high heat can lead to heat stress and heat stroke, with the latter being the most severe form of heat-related illness. Heat stroke can result in impaired brain function and a dangerously high core body temperature, often proving fatal if not promptly treated. Differentiating heat stroke from other medical conditions can be challenging, as it requires a thorough assessment of symptoms and medical history.
The pathophysiology of heat-related illnesses involves various physiological responses triggered by increased body temperature, affecting vital organs and metabolic systems. Cardiovascular issues, followed by respiratory and renal complications, are among the most common causes of emergencies and fatalities during hot weather.
Heatwaves, which are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, have compound effects on health and the environment. In addition to direct health impacts, heatwaves can lead to disruptions in services, an increase in diseases, and environmental disasters like wildfires and air pollution.
Understanding heat exposure at the population level involves assessing various factors such as humidity, acclimatization, and vulnerability. Vulnerable populations, including children and pregnant women, are at higher risk of heat-related illnesses due to physiological factors and lack of access to cooling measures.
Adaptation measures to extreme heat are crucial in mitigating the impacts of rising temperatures. The health sector plays a vital role in addressing heat-related illnesses and implementing climate-resilient strategies. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the health sector are also essential in combating climate change.
As India and the world face the escalating challenges of climate change and extreme heat, urgent action is needed to prevent further environmental degradation and protect public health. Mitigation efforts, including reducing reliance on fossil fuels and implementing sustainable practices, are key to ensuring a safer and healthier future for all. Let’s pledge to reduce our impact on the environment and work towards a more sustainable future.