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The Impact of Plastics on Climate Change | Part of the Plastics and the Environment Series by Geneva Environment Network

Understanding the Strong Links Between Plastics and Climate Change

The world is currently facing a plastics crisis that is negatively impacting both people and the environment at every stage of the plastic lifecycle. From the extraction of fossil fuels to the production, manufacturing, use, recycling, and disposal of plastics, the impacts are far-reaching and concerning. In particular, the strong links between plastics and climate change are becoming increasingly apparent.

Plastics are closely tied to the fossil fuel industry, as 99% of plastics are created from fossil fuel feedstocks. This connection means that as the global community strives to address climate change by moving away from fossil fuels in the energy and transportation sectors, the issue of plastics cannot be ignored. The petrochemical industry, which is a major driver of global oil demand growth, is heavily involved in plastic production.

The contribution of plastics to climate change is significant. Throughout the plastic lifecycle, greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted, with activities such as extraction, refining, and manufacturing being carbon-intensive. In 2015, CO2 and other GHGs emissions from plastic production reached 1.96 Gt of CO2e, costing $341 billion annually. The disposal of plastic waste, whether through incineration or recycling, also releases GHGs into the atmosphere. Without addressing the issue of plastics, GHG emissions from plastics could reach about 13% of the entire remaining carbon budget by 2050.

Plastic pollution in the oceans can also interfere with the oceans’ capacity to absorb and sequester carbon dioxide, further contributing to climate change. Ecosystems such as the ocean and mountain areas are particularly vulnerable to both climate change and plastic pollution, creating a significant stress factor on biodiversity.

To address the threats of climate change, it is essential to consider the role of plastics in the carbon budget. Reducing the overall use of plastic and eliminating non-essential plastics can help tackle both the climate and plastic pollution crises. However, solutions to the plastic crisis must also be mindful of their impact on climate change. Transforming plastic waste into fuel, for example, may not effectively address climate change concerns.

At the UN climate negotiations in Egypt in November 2022 (UNFCCC COP27), there is a growing advocacy for stronger recognition of the interlinkages between plastics and climate change, as well as urgent action to reduce plastic production and address the impacts of plastic on climate.

In conclusion, the plastics crisis is intricately linked to climate change, and addressing both issues requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach. By understanding the impacts of plastics on climate change and taking proactive steps to reduce plastic production and pollution, we can work towards a more sustainable future for our planet.

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