“Rising Heat Risk Trends: What Army Leaders Need to Know”
The World Meteorological Organization has declared that 2023 was the hottest year in recorded history, and this trend is reflected in the increasing heat risk data trends for U.S. Army bases worldwide. According to Lisa Polyak, an environmental engineer at Defense Health Agency Public Health, the five-year average of annual heat risk days exceeded the 15-year average at 84% of the 44 bases tracked, indicating a steady increase in heat risk.
Heat risk is measured by the National Weather Service heat index, with a heat risk hour counted when the index is greater than 90 degrees Fahrenheit. In July 2023, 720 service members were diagnosed with heat illness, with the U.S. Army and Marines experiencing the highest burden. The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index is used to measure heat stress in military training settings, with different flag colors representing varying levels of heat risk.
Despite the common belief that heat illness occurs in extreme conditions, recent data shows that most cases occur during red and yellow flag conditions, rather than black flag conditions. This suggests that moderate heat conditions can also pose a risk if proper prevention measures are not in place. In July 2023, seven U.S. Army training installations experienced a high number of heat risk hours, highlighting the need for enhanced health surveillance and adaptation measures.
Leaders can take proactive steps to prevent heat illness by targeting prevention strategies during high-risk events such as foot marches or runs. Providing resources on hydration strategies, acclimatization, and risk factors can help mitigate the impact of heat stress on service members. Monitoring heat risk levels and implementing adaptive measures, such as shifting training to cooler hours or locations, may be necessary to ensure the safety and readiness of military personnel.
Overall, the increasing heat risk trends for U.S. Army bases worldwide highlight the importance of proactive measures to prevent heat illness and ensure the well-being of service members. By staying vigilant, monitoring heat conditions, and implementing appropriate prevention strategies, military leaders can help mitigate the impact of rising temperatures on their personnel.