“Rising Temperatures, Rising Risks: How Extreme Heat is Impacting Cardiovascular Health”

Extreme heat is not just uncomfortable; it can be deadly, especially for those at increased risk for cardiovascular conditions. A recent study published in Circulation found that between 2008-2019, extreme heat was associated with 1,651 excess cardiovascular deaths each year in the U.S. This number is expected to increase significantly in the coming decades due to climate change.

The study looked at two potential scenarios for the mid-century period between 2036-2065. In the more optimistic scenario, where greenhouse gas emissions are curbed by global efforts, excess cardiovascular deaths could increase by 162%, resulting in 4,320 excess deaths annually. In the more dire scenario, with a large increase in emissions, excess deaths could increase by 233%, to 5,491 deaths annually.

Certain populations are projected to be more heavily impacted by heat-related cardiovascular deaths. Non-Hispanic Black adults are expected to see more than four times the increase in deaths compared to non-Hispanic white adults. Elderly adults will also experience greater increases in deaths compared to younger adults.

The study did not break down the specific types of cardiovascular deaths, but previous research has shown that heart failure is linked to the highest number of excess deaths in extreme temperatures. In addition to extreme heat, air pollution, particularly from tiny particulate matter, can also contribute to cardiovascular disease and deaths.

The impact of heat-related cardiovascular deaths will likely be even greater in countries and regions with more extreme heat, higher population density, and fewer resources than the U.S. In order to prevent the predicted increase in deaths, heat needs to be recognized as a public health issue. Hospitals can play a role by becoming cooling centers for their communities.

Providers also need to be aware of who is at the highest risk for heat-related cardiovascular issues. Patients who struggle to exercise in high temperatures, experience difficulty breathing, or feel their heart beating faster may be particularly vulnerable. Heat is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it can be challenging to pinpoint as a factor in cardiovascular deaths.

Overall, large-scale changes are needed to mitigate the deadly effects of heat on cardiovascular health. Recognizing the risks, implementing preventive measures, and addressing climate change are crucial steps in protecting vulnerable populations from the increasing threat of heat-related cardiovascular deaths.