Tuesday, February 11, 2025
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Millions of Americans may depend on PFAS-contaminated groundwater for drinking water sources

“New Study Reveals Widespread PFAS Contamination in U.S. Groundwater: Are You at Risk?”

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently published a groundbreaking study that reveals approximately 71 to 95 million people in the Lower 48 states may be relying on groundwater containing detectable concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for their drinking water supplies. PFAS are synthetic chemicals commonly found in everyday products such as fast-food boxes, non-stick cookware, and fire-fighting foams.

This study, led by USGS research hydrologist Andrea Tokranov, is the first to report national estimates of PFAS occurrence in untreated groundwater that supplies water to public and private wells. The findings highlight the widespread contamination of PFAS in groundwater used for drinking water supplies across the country. The USGS has also developed an interactive online map for users to see probability estimates of PFAS occurrence, although these estimates are intended for evaluation at state, regional, and national scales rather than individual household levels.

Exposure to certain PFAS may pose adverse health risks, as these chemicals are known to accumulate in the body over time. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established maximum contaminant levels for six types of PFAS in drinking water. While the EPA regulates public water supplies, some states have additional regulations, and residents using private wells are responsible for testing and treating their drinking water.

The study reveals that Florida and California have the largest populations relying on public water supplies with potentially contaminated groundwater sources, while Michigan, Florida, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio have the largest populations relying on potentially contaminated groundwater from private wells. Detailed data by state is provided in the study, with Massachusetts and Connecticut showing high percentages of people potentially affected by PFAS contamination.

To derive these estimates, the research team analyzed 1,238 groundwater samples and developed a machine learning model to identify areas with a higher likelihood of contamination based on factors such as urban development and well depth. The study focused on 24 common types of PFAS, with the most frequently detected compounds being PFBS, PFOS, and PFOA.

Overall, this study provides crucial insights into the extent of PFAS contamination in groundwater across the Lower 48 states. While the research offers a broad outlook, it does not provide detailed information on specific cities or PFAS concentrations. The findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring and testing to ensure the safety of drinking water supplies for all Americans.

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