“Bird Flu Outbreak: What You Need to Know to Stay Safe in California”
California has declared a state of emergency to prevent a new public health crisis due to the outbreak of avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, in Pescadero, California. The virus has affected dairy herds in the state, leading to serious illnesses in a few individuals in North America. Researchers have identified a single mutation that could potentially make the virus more transmissible in a person’s upper airways.
The current strain of bird flu, known as clade 2.3.4.4b, has been circulating globally in wild birds and U.S. dairy herds. While most infections have been mild, recent cases have raised concerns. A teenager in Canada and a Louisiana resident exposed to backyard flocks were hospitalized, with genetic analysis suggesting mutations in the virus. However, there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission.
Experts emphasize that the risk of contracting bird flu remains low for the general population. The virus primarily infects individuals in close contact with infected poultry, wild birds, or dairy cattle. Unlike seasonal influenza, bird flu targets avian-type receptors in the lungs and mucus membranes, making human infection less likely.
High-risk activities include culling infected flocks, handling live birds in markets, and working in poultry or dairy farms. The virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, posing a risk to those handling contaminated objects. Precautions such as wearing protective equipment and practicing good hygiene are recommended.
The spread of bird flu in dairy cattle has been linked to raw milk, which can harbor high concentrations of the virus. Pasteurization effectively inactivates the virus, reducing the risk of transmission through dairy products. Consuming raw milk is considered a high-risk activity, especially in states where bird flu has been detected in dairy products.
Pet owners are advised to supervise their animals and prevent contact with wild birds or contaminated meat. Cats and dogs can contract bird flu through consumption of infected meat or exposure to contaminated environments. Symptoms in pets can range from respiratory illness to neurological symptoms, resembling rabies.
While there have been limited cases of feline-to-human transmission, the risk remains low if pets are kept away from known sources of infection. Vigilance and awareness are key to preventing the spread of bird flu among animals and humans. California’s state of emergency underscores the importance of proactive measures to contain the outbreak and protect public health.